NSW/Postcodes/2308·POA 2308

Postcode 2308

Newcastle Council1 suburb1,358 residents (2021)

Callaghan

The short version

Postcode 2308 covers Callaghan, home to 1,358 people at the 2021 Census1. The middle taxpayer here had a taxable income of $17,264 in 2023–243, the lowest of NSW postcodes.

Loading boundary…
Median weekly rent
–
Too few new bonds to publish

NSW Fair Trading rental bonds 2

Median taxable income, 2023–24
$17k
the lowest of NSW postcodes

ATO Taxation Statistics 2023–24 3

Homes on bush fire prone land
–
No address-level figure

NSW RFS bush fire prone land 5

Rooftop solar
–
No figure

Clean Energy Regulator 7

01Renting

What does it cost to rent in postcode 2308?

Fair Trading suppresses postcodes with too few new bonds, so there's no median rent for this one.

New bonds, last 12 months

No rental bond figures for this postcode.Fair Trading suppresses postcodes with too few new bonds.

Where its rent sits in NSW

Every postcode's median weekly rent on new bonds

No figure.

Who rents

No figure.

02Suburbs & prices

Which suburbs share 2308, and what do homes sell for?

Postcode 2308 takes in one suburb, Callaghan. None of them had enough sales for a 2025 median.

Every suburb in 2308

Most residents first · each links to its own page

SuburbResidentsMedian, 2025Sales10 yearsCrime per 1,000, 2025Advantage
Callaghan––––45.9–

Medians need at least 5 sales; crime rates 200 residents and SEIFA percentiles 100. Advantage is the SEIFA IRSAD percentile among NSW suburbs.

Source NSW Valuer General sales 4 · BOCSAR recorded crime 10 · ABS SEIFA 2021 11 · ABS Census 2021 1

Strata schemes

No strata scheme on the register is counted in postcode 2308.

Source StrataHub strata plans 30

Building approvals

8 dwellings were approved in postcode 2308 in 2025–26, 5 for every 1,000 residents (NSW 6.1): 2 houses and 6 other dwellings, such as townhouses and apartments. In 2026–27 to August, 1 dwelling so far.

Dwellings approved

Each financial year to June · 2026–27 to August, faint · dashed: NSW at this area's usual share

Source ABS Building Approvals 29

Dwellings approved, 2025–26
8
Per 1,000 residents
5NSW: 6.1
Houses
2
Other dwellings
6townhouses, apartments

An approval is what may be built, not what was: a job can be approved again, built years later or never. One large development can make a year, so the counts jump about. The ABS counts approvals by SA2; this area's figures share its SA2s' out by their residents, so they are estimates.

Source ABS Building Approvals 29

First home buyers and transfer duty

In 2025–26, transfer duty on residential property in postcode 2308 came to $88k, under 0.1% of NSW's $10.6bn. Revenue NSW records no First Home Owner Grant paid here in any year from 2021–22.

First home buyer duty exemptions

Transfer duty exemptions and concessions each financial year, by the postcode on the transfer

None recorded in any year from 2009–10.

Who qualifies for a first home buyer exemption, and up to what price, has changed over the years, so the counts follow the rules as well as demand.

Source Revenue NSW statistics by postcode 18

First Home Owner Grants paid

Payments each financial year

None recorded in any year from 2021–22.

Transfer duty paid on residential land

Duty paid each financial year

Duty paidNSW at its usual share (under 0.1%)

NSW, 2025–26: $10.6bn

Against NSW2020–212025–26Change
Duty here$0$88k–
NSW duty on residential land$7.83bn$10.7bn+37%
NSW residential transfers215,274200,697−7%

NSW's lines are Revenue NSW's land-related duty statistics, which count residential transfers by the documents it receives; duty here comes from its postcode statistics, by the postcode on each lodged transfer. They're counted differently, so compare how each changed, not the amounts. Both run from 2020–21, the first year of the postcode figures.

Exemptions are counted when the transfer is lodged and grants when they're paid, so the two don't match. Duty is the amount paid, not a count of sales.

Source Revenue NSW statistics by postcode 18

03People

Who lives in postcode 2308?

The middle taxpayer with a postcode 2308 address had a taxable income of $17,264 in 2023–24, the lowest of NSW postcodes. 0% of taxpayers here reported a net rental loss.

Where its income sits in NSW

Every postcode's median taxable income, 2023–24

Source ATO Taxation Statistics 2023–24 3

Postcode 2308 profile

Residents (2021)
1,358
Median age
20
People per km²
758
Median taxable income
$17,264
Taxpayers with a rental loss
0%

Source ABS Census 2021 1 · ATO Taxation Statistics 2023–24 3

Population

An estimated 1,545 people lived in postcode 2308 at 30 June 2025, up 2.5% on a year earlier, against +1.2% across NSW. That's 297 more people than in 2015 (+23.8%).

Residents, June 2025
1,545estimated
Growth, year to June 2025
+2.5%NSW +1.2%
Since June 2015
+23.8%+297 people

The ABS publishes these estimates for SA2 areas and councils. This place's figures share out its SA2s' estimates by their 2021 Census residents, so growth inside an SA2 is spread evenly across it.

Source ABS Regional Population 12

Residents at 30 June

ABS estimated resident population, 2001–2025

Source ABS Regional Population 12

Growth each year

Change over the year to 30 June, against NSW

Postcode 2308 grewshrankNSW that year

Source ABS Regional Population 12

Income

The ABS's yearly figure counts income from every source before deductions, a year behind the ATO's taxable income above, and is estimated from the SA2s the postcode overlaps. Residents of postcode 2308 who lodged a tax return had a median income of $45,417 in 2022–23, against $58,909 across NSW. That's 34.2% more than in 2018–19 (NSW +19%). For 88.1%, most income came from wages and salaries.

Median income, 2022–23
$45,417NSW $58,909
Since 2018–19
+34.2%NSW +19%
Rank in NSW
…percentile of postcodes

Residents who lodged a tax return, by where they live; government pensions and allowances aren't counted, and neither are people who didn't lodge. The ABS publishes income for SA2 areas and councils. This place's figures are the average of its SA2s' figures, weighted by the residents it shares with each (2021 Census), so they describe the wider area as much as this place.

Source ABS Data by Region 13

Median income each year

All sources, before tax · financial years 2018–19 to 2022–23, by the year they end

Postcode 2308NSW

Source ABS Data by Region 13

Where income comes from

The source most of each person's income came from, 2022–23

Median income from each source

Among the people with any income from it

Wages and salariesNSW $63,301
$48,137
Own businessNSW $12,714
$8,135
InvestmentsNSW $240
$77

Source ABS Data by Region 13

04Elections

How did postcode 2308 vote?

Federal elections

At the 2025 federal election, the two-party-preferred vote in postcode 2308 split an estimated 79.9% Labor to 20.1% Coalition, against 55.3% to 44.7% across NSW. That's a swing of 9.9 points to Labor since 2022 (across NSW, 3.9 points to Labor). Like every figure here, it's estimated from the polling places where votes were cast, not where voters live: built from 50% of the formal votes cast in its electorates.

The 2025 federal election

Polling day 3 May 2025 · estimated from where votes were cast, not where voters live

Labor, two-party-preferred
79.9%NSW 55.3%
Swing to Labor since 2022
+9.9 ptsNSW +3.9 pts
Informal votes
7.1%NSW 8.1%
Built from
50%of the votes cast in its electorates

First preferences

NSW: Labor 35% · Coalition 32% · Greens 11% · Independents 10% · Other candidates 13%

Votes are counted where they're cast. Where the electoral commission publishes votes by where electors live (federal 2019 and 2022), nearly every vote is placed; otherwise each election-day vote is placed at the polling places nearest the homes it serves, and pre-poll, postal and absent votes can't be placed, so the share a figure is built from is shown beside it.

Source AEC Tally Room federal election results (31496) · AEC, CC BY 4.0 14

Labor's two-party-preferred share

Each federal election, against NSW · above each point, the swing since the election before

Postcode 2308NSW50%, level

Votes each estimate is built from: 2007 82% · 2010 80% · 2013 72% · 2016 73% · 2019 100% · 2022 100% · 2025 50%

Source AEC Tally Room federal election results (31496) · AEC, CC BY 4.0 14

Its federal electorate, 2025

The division its residents vote in · the AEC's own count for the whole division, not an estimate

Newcastle

Elected: Sharon CLAYDON (Labor)

Final count, two candidates

Sharon CLAYDONLabor65.8%
Charlotte McCABEThe Greens34.2%
First preferences, 8 candidates
Sharon CLAYDONLabor45.3%
Charlotte McCABEThe Greens22.2%
Asarri McPHEELiberal19.1%
Phillip HEYNEPauline Hanson's One Nation5.3%
Jennifer STEFANACTrumpet of Patriots3.6%
Jason BRIGGSFamily First2.1%
Steve O'BRIENSocialist Alliance1.5%
Robert CREECHIndependent0.8%

126,226 enrolled · 108,266 formal votes · 7.0% informal

Results on the AEC site

Source AEC Tally Room federal election results (31496) · AEC, CC BY 4.0 14

State elections

At the 2023 state election, the two-party-preferred vote in postcode 2308 split an estimated 84.5% Labor to 15.5% Coalition, against 54.9% to 45.1% across NSW. That's a swing of 3.5 points to Labor since 2019 (across NSW, 5.7 points to Labor). Like every figure here, it's estimated from the polling places where votes were cast, not where voters live: built from 55% of the formal votes cast in its electorates.

The 2023 state election

Polling day 25 March 2023 · estimated from where votes were cast, not where voters live

Labor, two-party-preferred
84.5%NSW 54.9%
Swing to Labor since 2019
+3.5 ptsNSW +5.7 pts
Informal votes
2.2%NSW 3.3%
Built from
55%of the votes cast in its electorates

First preferences

NSW: Labor 37% · Coalition 35% · Greens 10% · Independents 9% · Other candidates 9%

Votes are counted where they're cast. Where the electoral commission publishes votes by where electors live (federal 2019 and 2022), nearly every vote is placed; otherwise each election-day vote is placed at the polling places nearest the homes it serves, and pre-poll, postal and absent votes can't be placed, so the share a figure is built from is shown beside it.

Source NSW Electoral Commission past election results (SG2301) · NSWEC, CC BY 4.0 15

Labor's two-party-preferred share

Each state election, against NSW · above each point, the swing since the election before

Postcode 2308NSW50%, level

Votes each estimate is built from: 2015 72% · 2019 66% · 2023 55%

Source NSW Electoral Commission past election results (SG2301) · NSWEC, CC BY 4.0 15

Its state electorate, 2023

The district its residents vote in · the NSW Electoral Commission's own count for the whole district, not an estimate

Wallsend

Elected: Sonia HORNERY (Australian Labor Party (NSW Branch))

Final count, two candidates

Sonia HORNERYAustralian Labor Party (NSW Branch)81.8%
Callum PULLThe Liberal Party of Australia, New South Wales Division18.2%
First preferences, 7 candidates
Sonia HORNERYAustralian Labor Party (NSW Branch)63.9%
Callum PULLThe Liberal Party of Australia, New South Wales Division13.5%
Rebecca WATKINSThe Greens NSW10.7%
Pietro DI GIROLAMOPauline Hanson's One Nation6.8%
Anna NOLANAnimal Justice Party2.1%
Joshua STARRETTIndependent1.6%
Paul AKERSSustainable Australia Party - Stop Overdevelopment / Corruption1.4%

60,138 enrolled · 51,808 formal votes · 2.6% informal

Results on the NSW Electoral Commission site

Source NSW Electoral Commission past election results (SG2301) · NSWEC, CC BY 4.0 15

05Hazards & energy

Could fire or flood reach postcode 2308?

We don't have address-level hazard shares for this postcode yet.

Addresses on bush fire prone land

No figure.

Flood planning area

No flood map for this postcode.Most councils keep their flood maps in a DCP or a flood study, not the LEP map we have, so we can't check it. That's a gap in our data, not a sign it doesn't flood.

Rooftop solar

No figure.

Where its solar uptake sits in NSW

Every postcode's solar systems per 100 houses

No figure.

Ambulance

In 2025–26, ambulances were sent 240.7 times for every 1,000 residents of the area around postcode 2308 (NSW 182.2). In April to June 2026, half of its emergency calls were reached within 13 minutes and nine in ten within 31 minutes (NSW 14 and 33): lower is quicker.

Ambulances sent per 1,000 residents

The wider area around here, each financial year · the dotted line marks the response grid change

Postcode 2308's areaNSW

NSW Ambulance changed how it sends ambulances in February 2025, and NSW's responses fell 6.4% that quarter, so years either side of the line don't strictly compare.

Source BHI Healthcare Quarterly 24

Median response, April to June 2026
13minutes · NSW 14
Nine in ten reached within
31minutes · NSW 33
Ambulances sent per 1,000, 2025–26
240.7NSW 182.2
Incidents per 1,000, 2025–26
180.2NSW 138.3

Emergency (category 2) calls. Half are reached within the median, and nine in ten within the 90th percentile; lower is quicker.

BHI reports ambulance work by ABS statistical area (SA3), so these are the figures for the wider area around here, shared by every suburb in it, not this place's own.

Source BHI Healthcare Quarterly 24

06Getting around

Where do crashes happen in postcode 2308, and how easy is public transport?

Road crashes

Police recorded 9 crashes in which someone was killed or injured in postcode 2308 over 2016–2025, about 0.9 a year; 0 of them were fatal or caused a serious injury. That's 0.7 a year per 1,000 residents, 62% below the NSW rate (1.7; lower is better).

Crashes in which someone was hurt

Killed or injured, by reporting year · 9 over 2016–2025, and 10 more where a vehicle was towed away and no one was hurt

Someone killed or seriously injuredOther injury

Source TfNSW NSW Crash Data 16

How severe, and who was involved

2016–2025 together

Casualty crashes a year per 1,000 residents
0.762% below NSW (1.7) · lower is better
Fatal or serious-injury crashes
0
People killed
0
Involving a pedestrian
1crashes
Involving a cyclist
0crashes
Involving a motorcycle
2crashes

Source TfNSW NSW Crash Data 16

Streets with the most casualty crashes

Within postcode 2308, 2016–2025

University Drive7 casualty crashes7
Crash counts follow traffic as well as risk: places crossed by highways and motorways, and busy centres such as the Sydney CBD, count the crashes of everyone who drives, rides or walks through, not only residents. Each crash is placed where police recorded it, often the nearest intersection, and only police-reported crashes are counted.

Source TfNSW NSW Crash Data 16

Public transport

At 8–9am on a weekday, 100% of residents in postcode 2308 live where public transport access is good: TfNSW level 4 (medium–high) or better, above NSW's 33% (higher is better). Their average level is 6 of 6 (very high), above NSW's 2.6. The share is much the same as in December 2022.

Average access level, 8–9am

TfNSW's 0–6 level, averaged over residents · weekday timetable, December 2025

Postcode 2308 6NSW 2.6

TfNSW scores every mesh block (a few dozen homes) for each hour of a weekday from the walk to nearby stops and how often services call there, from 1 (low) to 6 (very high); 0 means no service that hour. A place's figure is the average over the people who live there, not a level TfNSW publishes.

Source TfNSW PTAL 17

Residents with good access

Share living at level 4 (medium–high) or better, 8–9am, each December

Postcode 2308NSW

Average level by December: 2022 6 · 2023 6 · 2024 6 · 2025 6

Source TfNSW PTAL 17

07Business

Who's in business in postcode 2308?

An estimated 84 businesses registered for GST had an address in postcode 2308 at 30 June 2025, 54 for every 1,000 residents (NSW 107). 8.9% turn over $2 million or more a year, against 8.8% across NSW. Compared with NSW, more of them are in transport, postal and warehousing and other services (repairs, personal care).

Businesses, June 2025
84estimated
Per 1,000 residents
54NSW 107
Turning over $2m+
8.9%NSW 8.8%

The ABS publishes these counts for SA2 areas and councils. This place's figures share out its SA2s' counts by their 2021 Census residents, so they are estimates, and a business is counted where its registered address is.

Source ABS Data by Region 13

Businesses at 30 June

2021–2025 · the dashed line is NSW's count scaled to this place's usual share

Source ABS Data by Region 13

Turnover and size

Share of businesses by yearly turnover and by employees, June 2025

By employees

Source ABS Data by Region 13

Industry mix

Share of businesses in each industry, June 2025 · most over-represented against NSW first

Electricity, gas, water1.2%
Public administration1.2%
Transport and warehousing30%
Other services6%
Accommodation and food4.8%
Construction19%
Wholesale trade3.6%
Media and telecoms1.2%
Admin and support4.8%
Retail trade4.8%
Arts and recreation1.2%
Health care and social help6%
Manufacturing2.4%
Education and training1.2%
Professional services6%
Rental and real estate4.8%
Finance and insurance1.2%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing0%
Mining0%
Postcode 2308NSW share

Source ABS Data by Region 13

Going out

Postcode 2308 had 2 licensed venues on October 2026's list: 2 restaurants and other on-premises venues. That's down from 3 in 2021.

Licensed venues each year

October lists, 2021–2026

Each year is that October's list: Liquor & Gaming NSW cancels licences in bulk once a year, so months don't compare. Venues that have stopped trading for six weeks or more, or are suspended, aren't counted. What a licence allows, not when a venue opens, and leaving out clubs, whose licences have no set hours.

Source Liquor & Gaming NSW premises list 21

Poker machines

Liquor & Gaming NSW's reports list no poker machines in postcode 2308 in 2025.

Active ABNs · supporting lens

Postcode 2308 has 242 active ABNs, and 54 new ones began in 2025.

New registrations by year

ABNs still active, by start year · 2026 to 14 Oct

Source ABN Bulk Extract 22 · survivor-biased

Who holds the ABNs

Sole traders 68%Companies 7%Trusts 1%SMSFs 0%Strata 0%

Industries by company name

Health10
Fitness & sport9
Agriculture2
Education2
Construction1
Food & hospitality1
Professional1

Source ABN Bulk Extract 22 · keyword match on company and trust names

§Sources

Where every number comes from

  1. ABS Census of Population and Housing 2021. Residents, age, renting and dwelling type. CC BY 4.0.
  2. NSW Fair Trading rental bond lodgements. New bonds lodged Oct 2025 – Sep 2026, by postcode.
  3. ATO Taxation Statistics 2023–24, Individuals Table 6 (postcode). Median taxable income and net rental losses of people who lodged with a postcode here.
  4. NSW Valuer General, Property Sales Information (market sales). Market sales, 2001 to 2 November 2026, one price per dealing, each placed in its suburb through its lot and plan or address in G-NAF, else its locality and postcode. Bulk, part and nominal sales excluded; medians need at least 5 sales. Homes are what VG records as a residence; vacant land and commercial, farm and other property are counted apart. Settlement times go by the year a sale settled, and the latest year is still filling in. Land per m² and block sizes use the lot area VG records.
  5. NSW RFS Bush Fire Prone Land, matched to G-NAF addresses. The full certified map (vegetation categories 1–3 and the buffer), every live address tested. © NSW Rural Fire Service 2026, CC BY. A planning designation, not a risk rating.
  6. NSW flood planning areas mapped by LEPs and precinct SEPPs (DPHI), matched to G-NAF addresses. Only councils whose LEP maps a flood planning area, plus Western Sydney precinct maps. Councils have kept their own flood maps since July 2021, so check with the council for the latest. CC BY 3.0 AU.
  7. Clean Energy Regulator, small-scale installations by postcode. Solar systems per 100 separate houses (Census 2021, growth-adjusted).
  8. NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure, Greater Sydney Region Tree Canopy to Modified Mesh Block, 2022 and 2024/25 (SEED). Aerial surveys of Greater Sydney's urban and rural areas (ArborCarbon, 0.48 m imagery; the 2022 and 2024/25 surveys share a method). The share of land under vegetation taller than 3 m, summed from DPHI's modified mesh blocks to ABS mesh blocks (those at least half surveyed, with a 2016 code that is also a 2021 one) and weighted by the land surveyed for suburbs, postcodes and councils. CC BY 4.0.
  9. Department of Social Services, Benefit and Payment Recipient Demographics, June 2026 quarter (postcode). Commonwealth Rent Assistance recipients per 100 renting households (Census 2021). Counts are rounded or perturbed to multiples of 5, and Rent Assistance counts income units, which can exceed households. CC BY 3.0 AU.
  10. NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, recorded criminal incidents by suburb. 2001–2025. Rates per 1,000 residents use the ABS estimated resident population of the same year, estimated for suburbs from SA2s; shown only where at least 200 people live.
  11. ABS Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) 2021, by suburb (SAL). Percentile = rank among NSW suburbs with at least 100 residents. CC BY 4.0.
  12. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Regional Population: estimated resident population by SA2 and council, 30 June 2001–2025 (ABS Data API). The ABS's estimate of the people who usually live in each area at 30 June, updated every year from the Census, births, deaths and migration (June 2025 figures, released March 2026). The ABS publishes SA2s and councils; a suburb's or postcode's figure shares its SA2s' estimates out by their 2021 Census residents, so growth inside an SA2 is spread evenly across it; a place's growth is worked out from those figures. Growth is left out where fewer than 100 people lived the year before. CC BY 4.0.
  13. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Data by Region: personal income in Australia (from personal income tax returns, 2018–19 to 2022–23) and Counts of Australian Businesses (30 June 2021–2025), by SA2 and council (ABS Data API). Income counts the residents who lodged a tax return, by where they live; government pensions and allowances are left out, and medians and shares where fewer than 100 people earned that income. Businesses are those registered for GST, counted by the address they give, with the share turning over $2 million or more shown where there are at least 50. The ABS publishes SA2s and councils; a suburb's or postcode's income is the average of its SA2s', weighted by the residents it shares with each (2021 Census), and its business counts share its SA2s' out the same way, so both are estimates. CC BY 4.0.
  14. Australian Electoral Commission, House of Representatives results by polling place, and votes by where electors live (SA1), federal elections 2007–2025 (AEC Tally Room). Votes are counted where they are cast, not where voters live, so a place's figures are estimates. For 2019 and 2022 they come from the AEC's count of votes by the SA1 electors live in, which places nearly every vote; for the other elections, each election-day vote is placed at the polling places nearest the homes in its division, shared by their residents (2021 Census), and pre-poll, postal and absent votes can't be placed. So each figure shows the share of its electorates' formal votes it is built from. Two-party-preferred is Labor against the Coalition. Electorates, members and candidates are the AEC's own results for each whole division. © Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Electoral Commission), CC BY 4.0.
  15. NSW Electoral Commission, Legislative Assembly results by polling place (state elections 2015–2023) and local government results by council, ward and mayoralty (2021 and 2024), from its past results site. State figures are estimates, as for federal: each election-day vote is placed at the polling places nearest the homes in its district, shared by their residents (2021 Census), and pre-poll, postal, iVote and absent votes can't be placed, so each figure shows the share of its districts' formal votes it is built from. Two-party-preferred is Labor against the Coalition, from NSWEC's two-candidate count where the final two were Labor and the Coalition; districts where they weren't have no two-party figure. Council results are NSWEC's own counts for each council, ward and mayoralty, not estimates; a council's polling places place it, never its name. Districts, members, councillors and candidates are NSWEC's own results. © State of New South Wales through the NSW Electoral Commission, CC BY 4.0.
  16. Transport for NSW Centre for Road Safety, NSW Crash Data (opendata.transport.nsw.gov.au), placed by each crash's coordinates. Police-reported crashes, reporting years 2016–2025, each year from the newest of the centre's five-year windows that covers it (2016–2020 to 2021–2025; the newest edition of 8 Oct 2026): fatal, injury and towaway crashes, with the road users involved. Rates per 1,000 residents use the ABS estimated resident population averaged over the same years, shown where at least 200 people live. Crash counts follow traffic, so busy roads and centres read high. CC BY.
  17. Transport for NSW, Public Transport Accessibility Level (PTAL) by ABS 2021 mesh block (opendata.transport.nsw.gov.au). December 2022–2025 snapshots, each a weekday's timetable (the first Tuesday in December; school buses excluded). TfNSW bands its accessibility index from the walk to nearby stops and how often they are served into levels 1 (low) to 6 (very high); 0 is our code for a mesh block with no service that hour. Averaged over residents (ABS 2021 mesh-block counts) for suburbs, postcodes and councils: a summary, not a level TfNSW publishes. CC BY.
  18. Revenue NSW, duty, first home buyer and land tax statistics by postcode (revenue.nsw.gov.au), data as at 1 October 2026. Financial years to June 2026, each shown once it has ended: first home buyer duty exemptions and concessions from 2009–10, First Home Owner Grant payments from 2021–22 and transfer duty on residential land from 2020–21, each by the postcode on the lodged transfer or the grant. Exemptions are counted at lodgement and grants at payment, so the two don't match; duty is the amount paid, not a count of sales. Suburb and council figures are estimates, shared out from postcodes by their 2021 dwellings (ABS mesh blocks). CC BY.
  19. Liquor & Gaming NSW, gaming machine reports, © State of New South Wales, CC BY 4.0. Net profit, machines and venues for clubs and hotels, by council and by venue, from December 2016. Machines are authorised machines at a year's last report, and can include machines in storage. Small councils are reported together with neighbours, and those groups change between reports: a council with a combined report has no net profit in dollars of its own, and its figure per resident is worked out over the residents of the councils in each report (ABS estimated resident population). Machines and venues are each council's own, summed from the venue reports. Hotel years run January to December and club years December to November.
  20. Bowerbird estimate, modelled from Liquor & Gaming NSW's gaming machine reports, © State of New South Wales, CC BY 4.0. Our estimate of each club's and hotel's net profit from its machines, before gaming tax, from 2017 (suburbs from 2021). Liquor & Gaming NSW publishes each venue's rank by net profit and its machines, and dollars only by council; the model fits the ranks to the council totals and adds the venues up by the postcode and council the rankings give and the suburb the premises list places them in. It isn't a published figure, and this release has a range for a venue (the map's venue card) but none for an area: on council rows held back, its median error is under 1%, and where clubs' own accounts were reported, most read 5% to 12% below it. A venue with a loss reads as a small profit. Takings include visitors. The latest year is a part year.
  21. Liquor & Gaming NSW, licensed premises list, each October from 2021, © State of New South Wales, CC BY 4.0. Licences with premises people go to, placed by the list's own coordinates. Limited licences, pop-ups, producers and delivery-only businesses aren't counted, nor are venues that have stopped trading for six weeks or more. Hours tiers are what a licence allows, not when a venue opens. The list's licensees aren't shown.
  22. Australian Business Register, ABN Bulk Extract, 14 Oct 2026. Active ABNs by postcode. CC BY 3.0 AU.
  23. ABS Australian Statistical Geography Standard 2021: suburbs and localities, postal areas, LGAs. Boundaries. CC BY 4.0.
  24. Bureau of Health Information. Healthcare Quarterly: Ambulance. Sydney (NSW); BHI. Free to use for non-commercial purposes with BHI acknowledged. NSW Ambulance responses and incidents by financial year, and emergency (category 2) response times for the latest quarter, as BHI reports them by ABS statistical area (SA3). A suburb, postcode or council takes the figures of the SA3 around it, so they are the wider area's, not its own. Rates per 1,000 residents use the SA3's ABS estimated resident population. NSW Ambulance changed its response grid in February 2025, so responses either side of it don't strictly compare.
  25. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Building Approvals, Australia, CC BY 4.0: dwelling units approved by SA2 (ABS Data API). Dwelling units approved each month from July 2021, by councils and private certifiers: new houses, townhouses and apartments, and the dwellings alterations create, added up by financial year to June; the latest year runs to the latest month the ABS has published for small areas. An approval is what may be built, not what was. Per 1,000 residents divides by the ABS estimated resident population at the start of the year, left out under 200 residents. The ABS publishes SA2s and councils; a suburb's or postcode's figure shares its SA2s' approvals out by their 2021 Census residents, so it is an estimate. Original series, not seasonally adjusted.
  26. © State of New South Wales (Spatial Services, a business unit of the Department of Customer Service NSW) 2026, StrataHub strata plans. The register of strata schemes as at 3 November 2026, each placed through its plan number or footprint at its G-NAF addresses and counted where most of them are. Lots include the garages, storerooms and shops a plan makes lots of; the share of addresses counts a scheme's units and common property. Ages and eras date each scheme's registration, not its building. A scheme that has been wound up leaves the register. Creative Commons (no version stated).

Postal areas are ABS Postal Areas (POA 2021), which follow Australia Post postcodes closely but not exactly. A suburb belongs to the postal area its centre falls in; suburb figures are the suburb pages' own.

Postcodes near 2308

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