Penrith

1. ABS Census of Population and Housing 2021, General Community Profile for NSW Local Government Areas. Residents, age, household income, mortgages, tenure and dwelling type, for the council area as ABS publishes it. CC BY 4.0.
2. NSW Valuer General, Property Sales Information, each sale placed at its G-NAF address. Market sales, 2001 to 2 November 2026, one price per dealing, under the suburb figures' rules (no bulk, part or nominal sales). A sale counts in the council its address is in; sales that matched no address, about one in ten, and the few spanning two councils are left out. Medians need at least 5 sales, growth 20 at both ends. Homes are what VG records as a residence; vacant land and commercial, farm and other property are counted apart. Settlement times go by the year a sale settled, and the latest year is still filling in.
3. NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, recorded criminal incidents by LGA (RCI_offencebymonth). BOCSAR's own council table, 2001–2025. Rates per 1,000 residents use the ABS estimated resident population of the same year. CC BY 4.0.
4. ABS Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) 2021, Local Government Areas. The council's own scores. Percentiles rank it among the 128 NSW councils; deciles are against all of Australia. CC BY 4.0.
5. NSW RFS Bush Fire Prone Land, matched to G-NAF addresses. The full certified map (vegetation categories 1–3 and the buffer), every live address tested. © NSW Rural Fire Service 2026, CC BY. A planning designation, not a risk rating.
6. NSW flood planning areas mapped by LEPs and precinct SEPPs (DPHI), matched to G-NAF addresses. Only councils whose LEP maps a flood planning area, plus Western Sydney precinct maps. Councils have kept their own flood maps since July 2021, so check with the council for the latest. CC BY 3.0 AU.
7. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Regional Population: estimated resident population by council (LGA 2025), 30 June 2001–2025 (ABS Data API). The ABS's own estimate for the council area of the people who usually live there at 30 June, updated every year from the Census, births, deaths and migration (June 2025 figures, released March 2026). People per km² are over the council's area. Growth is left out where fewer than 100 people lived the year before. CC BY 4.0.
8. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Data by Region: personal income in Australia (from personal income tax returns, 2018–19 to 2022–23) and Counts of Australian Businesses (30 June 2021–2025), by council (LGA 2021, ABS Data API). The ABS's own figures for the council area. Income counts the residents who lodged a tax return, by where they live; government pensions and allowances are left out, so it differs from the Census household income. Businesses are those registered for GST, counted by the address they give; per 1,000 residents uses the ABS estimated resident population at the same 30 June. CC BY 4.0.
9. Australian Electoral Commission, House of Representatives results by polling place, and votes by where electors live (SA1), federal elections 2007–2025 (AEC Tally Room). Votes are counted where they are cast, not where voters live, so a place's figures are estimates. For 2019 and 2022 they come from the AEC's count of votes by the SA1 electors live in, which places nearly every vote; for the other elections, each election-day vote is placed at the polling places nearest the homes in its division, shared by their residents (2021 Census), and pre-poll, postal and absent votes can't be placed. So each figure shows the share of its electorates' formal votes it is built from. Two-party-preferred is Labor against the Coalition. Electorates, members and candidates are the AEC's own results for each whole division. © Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Electoral Commission), CC BY 4.0.
10. NSW Electoral Commission, Legislative Assembly results by polling place (state elections 2015–2023) and local government results by council, ward and mayoralty (2021 and 2024), from its past results site. State figures are estimates, as for federal: each election-day vote is placed at the polling places nearest the homes in its district, shared by their residents (2021 Census), and pre-poll, postal, iVote and absent votes can't be placed, so each figure shows the share of its districts' formal votes it is built from. Two-party-preferred is Labor against the Coalition, from NSWEC's two-candidate count where the final two were Labor and the Coalition; districts where they weren't have no two-party figure. Council results are NSWEC's own counts for each council, ward and mayoralty, not estimates; a council's polling places place it, never its name. Districts, members, councillors and candidates are NSWEC's own results. © State of New South Wales through the NSW Electoral Commission, CC BY 4.0.
11. Clean Energy Regulator, small-scale installations by postcode, shared out to councils. CER counts systems by postcode only. Each postal area's count is shared between councils by its 2021 dwellings (ABS mesh blocks), so a council's figure is an estimate; per 100 separate houses at the 2021 Census, not growth-adjusted.
12. NSW Department of Education school intake zones and public schools master dataset (data.nsw.gov.au), matched to G-NAF addresses. Editions of 2 Oct 2026. Every live address is tested against each catchment. Enrolment is the August census (full-time equivalent); ICSEA as the department publishes it. Government schools only. CC BY.
13. NSW EPI Primary Planning Layers (DPHI): land zoning and heritage items and conservation areas of every LEP and SEPP. Zone shares by land area in ABS 2021 boundaries; heritage shares of G-NAF addresses, each tested at its point. The instrument's map, not legal advice: the instrument and a planning certificate decide what applies to a lot. CC BY 3.0 AU.
14. Transport for NSW Centre for Road Safety, NSW Crash Data (opendata.transport.nsw.gov.au), placed by each crash's coordinates. Police-reported crashes, reporting years 2016–2025, each year from the newest of the centre's five-year windows that covers it (2016–2020 to 2021–2025; the newest edition of 8 Oct 2026): fatal, injury and towaway crashes, with the road users involved. Rates per 1,000 residents use the ABS estimated resident population averaged over the same years, shown where at least 200 people live. Crash counts follow traffic, so busy roads and centres read high. CC BY.
15. Revenue NSW, parking and food safety offences by issuing agency, CC BY. Penalty notices issued each financial year, counted by the council that issued them. Parking fines per 1,000 residents use the ABS estimated resident population, and are left blank in a year a council issued fewer than 100; the latest year runs only to the latest month in the files. Value is face value when issued, not what was paid. Fines issued by police, universities, hospitals and other state agencies on state land are no council's and aren't counted, nor in the NSW figure. Food safety counts can include notices with a miscoded offence.
16. Transport for NSW, Public Transport Accessibility Level (PTAL) by ABS 2021 mesh block (opendata.transport.nsw.gov.au). December 2022–2025 snapshots, each a weekday's timetable (the first Tuesday in December; school buses excluded). TfNSW bands its accessibility index from the walk to nearby stops and how often they are served into levels 1 (low) to 6 (very high); 0 is our code for a mesh block with no service that hour. Averaged over residents (ABS 2021 mesh-block counts) for suburbs, postcodes and councils: a summary, not a level TfNSW publishes. CC BY.
17. Transport for NSW, vehicle registration statistics by council, CC BY. TfNSW's monthly counts of registered vehicles by council, counted at the customer's address, so a business fleet counts where its customer's address is. We keep each December and the latest month; TfNSW's last two months are provisional. Rates per 1,000 residents use the ABS estimated resident population. TfNSW hides counts under 20, so a council's shares are estimates, scaled to its fleet totals, and less certain in small councils; the fuel, type and make counts leave those rows out. Shares of the light fleet and the average age start with the first December after TfNSW changed how it places vehicles in councils, and the average age runs a year behind the rest. Makes are those TfNSW names.
18. NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure, Greater Sydney Region Tree Canopy to Modified Mesh Block, 2022 and 2024/25 (SEED). Aerial surveys of Greater Sydney's urban and rural areas (ArborCarbon, 0.48 m imagery; the 2022 and 2024/25 surveys share a method). The share of land under vegetation taller than 3 m, summed from DPHI's modified mesh blocks to ABS mesh blocks (those at least half surveyed, with a 2016 code that is also a 2021 one) and weighted by the land surveyed for suburbs, postcodes and councils. CC BY 4.0.
19. Revenue NSW, duty, first home buyer and land tax statistics by postcode (revenue.nsw.gov.au), data as at 1 October 2026. Financial years to June 2026, each shown once it has ended: first home buyer duty exemptions and concessions from 2009–10, First Home Owner Grant payments from 2021–22 and transfer duty on residential land from 2020–21, each by the postcode on the lodged transfer or the grant. Exemptions are counted at lodgement and grants at payment, so the two don't match; duty is the amount paid, not a count of sales. Suburb and council figures are estimates, shared out from postcodes by their 2021 dwellings (ABS mesh blocks). CC BY.
20. Land value summaries, Valuer General NSW: each council's summary at the 1 July 2025 valuation. The Valuer General's own council figures: total land value by zone at 1 July 2025 and 2024, and the median residential land value each year from 2021 beside the median residential sale price. Land values are for rates and land tax and value the land alone. No licence is stated on the pages.
21. Liquor & Gaming NSW, gaming machine reports, © State of New South Wales, CC BY 4.0. Net profit, machines and venues for clubs and hotels, by council and by venue, from December 2016. Machines are authorised machines at a year's last report, and can include machines in storage. Small councils are reported together with neighbours, and those groups change between reports: a council with a combined report has no net profit in dollars of its own, and its figure per resident is worked out over the residents of the councils in each report (ABS estimated resident population). Machines and venues are each council's own, summed from the venue reports. Hotel years run January to December and club years December to November.
22. Bowerbird estimate, modelled from Liquor & Gaming NSW's gaming machine reports, © State of New South Wales, CC BY 4.0. Our estimate of each club's and hotel's net profit from its machines, before gaming tax, from 2017 (suburbs from 2021). Liquor & Gaming NSW publishes each venue's rank by net profit and its machines, and dollars only by council; the model fits the ranks to the council totals and adds the venues up by the postcode and council the rankings give and the suburb the premises list places them in. It isn't a published figure, and this release has a range for a venue (the map's venue card) but none for an area: on council rows held back, its median error is under 1%, and where clubs' own accounts were reported, most read 5% to 12% below it. A venue with a loss reads as a small profit. Takings include visitors. The latest year is a part year.
23. Liquor & Gaming NSW, licensed premises list, each October from 2021, © State of New South Wales, CC BY 4.0. Licences with premises people go to, placed by the list's own coordinates. Limited licences, pop-ups, producers and delivery-only businesses aren't counted, nor are venues that have stopped trading for six weeks or more. Hours tiers are what a licence allows, not when a venue opens. The list's licensees aren't shown.
24. ABS Australian Statistical Geography Standard: LGAs 2021 and 2025, suburbs and localities, postal areas. Councils are their LGA 2021 areas, named as ABS LGA 2025 names them: in NSW every 2021 council is the same area in 2025, and 14 have a shorter name. Boundaries CC BY 4.0.
25. Bureau of Health Information. Healthcare Quarterly: Ambulance. Sydney (NSW); BHI. Free to use for non-commercial purposes with BHI acknowledged. NSW Ambulance responses and incidents by financial year, and emergency (category 2) response times for the latest quarter, as BHI reports them by ABS statistical area (SA3). A suburb, postcode or council takes the figures of the SA3 around it, so they are the wider area's, not its own. Rates per 1,000 residents use the SA3's ABS estimated resident population. NSW Ambulance changed its response grid in February 2025, so responses either side of it don't strictly compare.
26. NSW flood studies (Hawkesbury-Nepean 2024; Ku-ring-gai; Parramatta). NSW Reconstruction Authority, Hawkesbury-Nepean River Flood Study 2024, CC BY 4.0; Ku-ring-gai Council flood studies (Hydrology), CC BY 4.0; City of Parramatta flood mapping, used under the council's terms (non-commercial use). Matched to G-NAF addresses. Each study says only what it modelled.
27. NSW Flood Data Portal council flood studies. Flood studies from the NSW Flood Data Portal (NSW SES), CC BY 4.0: Georges River Council, Kogarah Bay Creek Flood and Overland Flow Study; Camden Council, Update of Narellan Creek Flood Study; Hawkesbury City Council, Hawkesbury Floodplain Risk Management Study and Plan 2025; Fairfield City Council, Canley Corridor Floodplain Risk Management Study; Campbelltown City Council, Campbelltown Southern Catchments Flood Study; Blue Mountains City Council, Bullaburra to Linden Floodplain Risk Management Study and Plan; Northern Beaches Council, Greendale Creek Flood Study. Matched to G-NAF addresses. Each study says only what it modelled.
28. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Building Approvals, Australia, CC BY 4.0: dwelling units and the value of building work approved by council (ABS Data API). The ABS's own council figures: dwelling units approved each month from July 2021, by councils and private certifiers (new houses, townhouses and apartments, and the dwellings alterations create), and the value of residential and non-residential building work approved, added up by financial year to June. An approval is what may be built, not what was. Per 1,000 residents divides by the ABS estimated resident population at the start of the year. Original series, not seasonally adjusted.
29. © State of New South Wales (Spatial Services, a business unit of the Department of Customer Service NSW) 2026, StrataHub strata plans. The register of strata schemes as at 3 November 2026, each placed through its plan number or footprint at its G-NAF addresses and counted where most of them are. Lots include the garages, storerooms and shops a plan makes lots of; the share of addresses counts a scheme's units and common property. Ages and eras date each scheme's registration, not its building. A scheme that has been wound up leaves the register. Creative Commons (no version stated).
30. NSW Department of Communities and Justice, Rent and Sales Report, from NSW Fair Trading bond lodgements, © State of New South Wales (Department of Communities and Justice), CC BY 4.0. Rents on the new bonds lodged each quarter since September 2017, by council: DCJ places each bond at its home's address, so these are the council's own figures, not shared out from postcodes. A figure needs more than 10 bonds; the headline figures and the chart need 31 or more. New leases only, so not what every renter pays.

Every council figure is computed from its source at council level, not from its suburbs' figures. ATO incomes are published by postcode only and a median can't be shared out, so this page leaves them off: the Census 2021 household income stands in. Its rents are NSW Communities and Justice's own council figures, which place each new bond at its home's address. A suburb belongs to the council its centre falls in; suburb figures are the suburb pages' own.